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Inventory of Offender Risk, Needs, and Strengths™ (IORNS™)
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The IORNS is a 130-item self-report measure that assesses static risk,
dynamic risk/need,
and protective strength factors as they relate to recidivism, treatment
need, and management.
The IORNS provides index and scale scores that are internally consistent
and stable over
time, in addition to content subscales that aid in interpretive
specificity. The IORNS indexes, scales, and subscales demonstrate good
convergent and discriminant validity with self-report, interview, and
objective criminal history measures of antisocial behavior, psychopathy,
personality pathology, substance use, depression, and anxiety among
numerous male and female offender samples.
The IORNS consists of the four IORNS indexes, 10 scales, 14 subscales,
and
two validity scales. T scores, percentiles, confidence intervals,
and qualitative classifications (i.e., low, average, high, very high)
are provided for the normative samples. Given low or high
endorsement of certain items, percentiles and percentile classifications
are recommended
for interpretation.
Special Features
• Is the only instrument that assesses all three types of factors
(static, dynamic, and protective factors) important to recidivism by
providing a more comprehensive risk assessment than is currently
available through concomitant assessment.
• Can be group administered at offender intake, thereby reducing
clinician
burden.
• Can be administered and scored by persons who do not have training in
forensic or clinical psychology or psychiatry, with supervision and
interpretation
by a licensed or certified professional.
• Written at a 3rd-grade reading level.
• Standardized and validated with offenders (men ages 18-75 years and
women ages 18-60 years). Offender samples included incarcerated and
probated general and sexual offenders.
• Community adult/college normative sample also provided (men and women
ages 18-75 years). The community adult/college normative group
approximates U.S. Census proportions
(U.S. Bureau of the Census, 2003) for race/ethnicity and educational
status.
• The validity of the IORNS is based on multiple sources of evidence,
including content validity, convergent and discriminant validity, and
internal structure of
the measure via factor analysis.
• Constructs of interest were chosen based on their relationship between
recidivism,
desistance, or protection and criminal behavior.
• The IORNS demonstrated significant correlations with self-reported
criminal history variables, including number of nonviolent and violent
crimes and number
of times in jail/prison among male and female
offenders. The IORNS also was significantly related to numerous
self-reported criminal, familial, and substance
use history variables
(e.g., past physical and sexual abuse) among female offenders.
• Evidence for construct validity of the IORNS was further demonstrated
through significant correlations with the following measures within
various offender
groups:
- Level of Service Inventory-Revised (LSI-R)
- Sexual Offender Needs Assessment Rating Scale (SONAR)
- Personality Assessment Inventory™ (PAI®)
- Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R)
- Psychopathic Personality Inventory™-Revised (PPI™-R)
- Levenson's Self-Report Psychopathy Scale (LSRP)
- Self-Report Psychopathy Scale-II (SRP-II)
- Substance Abuse Subtle Screening Inventory-3 (SASSI-3)
- Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D)
- State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)
- Factor analysis supports separate Dynamic Need and Protective Strength
factors
IORNS Materials
The IORNS materials consist of the Professional Manual, the Carbonless
Response Form,
and the Scoring Summary/Profile Form.
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